Lactic Acid vs Erythritol: which is worse?

What is Lactic Acid?

Lactic acid is an organic acid naturally produced during fermentation of carbohydrates by lactic acid bacteria. It gives fermented foods such as yogurt, cheese, and sauerkraut their characteristic tangy flavor. Commercial lactic acid used in food is produced by bacterial fermentation of glucose or lactose, or in some cases by chemical synthesis.

What is Erythritol?

Erythritol is a four-carbon sugar alcohol naturally occurring in small amounts in fruits, fermented foods, and mushrooms. Commercially produced via fermentation of glucose by yeasts such as Moniliella pollinis, it has approximately 70% of sucrose's sweetness, provides 0.24 kcal/g, and has a glycemic index of 0. It is nearly completely absorbed in the small intestine and excreted unchanged in urine, which explains its unusually low laxative effect compared to other polyols.

Documented risks

Lactic Acid: Lactic acid is a normal byproduct of human metabolism (produced during anaerobic exercise). It is generally recognized as safe at food additive levels. Excessive consumption of foods acidified with lactic acid could theoretically contribute to dental erosion, as with all acidulants. For individuals with rare inborn errors of lactate metabolism, dietary lactic acid may require monitoring.

Erythritol: A 2023 observational study published in Nature Medicine (Hazen et al., Cleveland Clinic) found that elevated blood erythritol levels were associated with increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including heart attack and stroke. Additionally, erythritol was found to enhance platelet aggregation in vitro. This study was widely reported and has generated significant scientific debate; critics note that it was observational (not causational), and that the study population had pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors. Regulatory agencies have not changed their approval status. The long-term cardiovascular implications require further research.