Maltodextrin vs Corn Syrup Solids: which is worse?

What is Maltodextrin?

Maltodextrin is a polysaccharide derived by partial hydrolysis of starch — most commonly corn starch in the US, but also wheat, potato, or rice starch. It is a white powder with a mild, slightly sweet taste and is highly soluble. Despite being classified as a carbohydrate, maltodextrin has a high glycemic index (GI of 85–105), often higher than table sugar.

What is Corn Syrup Solids?

Corn syrup solids are produced by drying corn syrup to a moisture content below 10%, yielding a free-flowing powder. They are composed of a mixture of glucose polymers (polysaccharides) and monosaccharides derived from corn starch hydrolysis. Unlike liquid corn syrup, they are used in powdered products such as non-dairy creamers, infant formula, and seasoning blends.

Documented risks

Maltodextrin: Maltodextrin's very high glycemic index (GI 85–105) means it causes rapid blood glucose spikes, potentially problematic for people with diabetes or insulin resistance. A 2012 study in PLoS ONE (Bhatt et al.) found that maltodextrin suppressed beneficial gut bacteria (like Lactobacillus) and increased Escherichia coli biofilm formation associated with Crohn's disease. A 2022 study in Nutrients noted maltodextrin's potential to disrupt gut microbiome composition at typical dietary intakes. Regulatory agencies have not restricted its use, but nutrition researchers increasingly flag it as a low-quality carbohydrate.

Corn Syrup Solids: Corn syrup solids contribute to added sugar intake and share the metabolic risks of high-sugar diets, including increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dental caries. Their presence in infant formula has raised particular concern among pediatric nutritionists, as they have a high glycemic index and provide no nutritional benefit beyond calories. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends limiting added sugars for all age groups, including infants. Regulatory agencies have not specifically restricted corn syrup solids.