Maltodextrin vs Mono- and Diglycerides: which is worse?

What is Maltodextrin?

Maltodextrin is a polysaccharide derived by partial hydrolysis of starch — most commonly corn starch in the US, but also wheat, potato, or rice starch. It is a white powder with a mild, slightly sweet taste and is highly soluble. Despite being classified as a carbohydrate, maltodextrin has a high glycemic index (GI of 85–105), often higher than table sugar.

What is Mono- and Diglycerides?

Mono- and diglycerides are emulsifiers derived from glycerol and fatty acids, most commonly sourced from soybean, palm, or sunflower oil. They are partial glycerides that exist between monoglycerides (one fatty acid chain) and diglycerides (two chains). They are chemically similar to fats but are not classified as trans fats even when made from partially hydrogenated sources.

Documented risks

Maltodextrin: Maltodextrin's very high glycemic index (GI 85–105) means it causes rapid blood glucose spikes, potentially problematic for people with diabetes or insulin resistance. A 2012 study in PLoS ONE (Bhatt et al.) found that maltodextrin suppressed beneficial gut bacteria (like Lactobacillus) and increased Escherichia coli biofilm formation associated with Crohn's disease. A 2022 study in Nutrients noted maltodextrin's potential to disrupt gut microbiome composition at typical dietary intakes. Regulatory agencies have not restricted its use, but nutrition researchers increasingly flag it as a low-quality carbohydrate.

Mono- and Diglycerides: Generally recognized as safe at typical food levels. However, mono- and diglycerides can be derived from partially hydrogenated oils, meaning they may carry trace trans fats that do not appear on the trans fat label because they are classified as emulsifiers, not fats. Some researchers have noted this labeling gap. A 2019 study published in Lipids in Health and Disease noted potential concerns with industrial trans fatty acids in these additives. For most consumers, exposure is low, and regulatory agencies including FDA and EFSA consider them safe at permitted levels.