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Quick answer: Both score equally on our risk model. Dioxane (1,4-dioxane) is restricted in the EU and allowed in the US; p-Phenylenediamine is restricted in the EU and allowed in the US.
| Property | Dioxane (1,4-dioxane) | p-Phenylenediamine |
|---|---|---|
| EU status | Restricted | Restricted |
| US status | Allowed | Allowed |
| Risk level | high | high |
| Banned in | — | — |
| Restricted in | European Union | European Union |
| Category | cmr | cmr |
| Where it hides | shampoo (contaminant), body wash, bubble bath | permanent hair dye, black henna tattoos |
Dioxane (1,4-dioxane) (1,4-Dioxane) is a manufacturing byproduct contaminant.
p-Phenylenediamine is a primary intermediate in permanent hair dye.
Dioxane (1,4-dioxane): A probable carcinogen; the EU limits it as a trace impurity, and US states are beginning to cap it.
p-Phenylenediamine: A potent allergen and sensitizer. Strictly concentration-limited in the EU; less tightly controlled in the US.
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