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Quick answer: Hydroquinone carries the heavier risk profile. Hydroquinone is banned in the EU and allowed in the US; Retinyl palmitate is restricted in the EU and allowed in the US.
| Property | Hydroquinone | Retinyl palmitate |
|---|---|---|
| EU status | Banned | Restricted |
| US status | Allowed | Allowed |
| Risk level | high | medium |
| Banned in | European Union | — |
| Restricted in | — | European Union |
| Category | cmr | endocrine disruptor |
| Where it hides | skin-lightening cream, dark-spot corrector | anti-aging cream, sunscreen, lotion |
Hydroquinone is a skin-lightening agent that inhibits melanin production.
Retinyl palmitate is a vitamin A ester used in anti-aging skincare and sunscreen.
Hydroquinone: Linked to ochronosis and possible carcinogenicity. Banned in EU cosmetics; sold over-the-counter in the US up to 2%.
Retinyl palmitate: The EU caps vitamin A levels over concerns it may accelerate skin damage in sunlight; the US does not restrict it.
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