Lanolin vs Petrolatum: which is worse?

What is Lanolin?

Lanolin is a waxy substance secreted by the sebaceous glands of wool-bearing animals (sheep). It is extracted from raw wool during washing and consists of complex mixtures of esters, diesters, and hydroxy esters of fatty acids and alcohols. It is highly occlusive and closely mimics human sebum.

What is Petrolatum?

Petrolatum is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum refining. It forms an occlusive barrier on the skin surface, sealing in moisture and protecting against external irritants. It has been used in skincare since 1872.

Documented risks

Lanolin: Lanolin is broadly safe for cosmetic use. It is FDA-approved as a skin protectant in OTC products. The primary concern is contact allergy: approximately 1–2% of the general population and up to 5–8% of eczema patients are sensitized to lanolin alcohols (the allergen fraction). Purified lanolin and lanolin alcohols in modern formulations have lower allergenicity than historical crude grades. Lanolin is not a carcinogen, hormone disruptor, or systemic toxin. It is not vegan.

Petrolatum: Fully refined white petrolatum (as used in cosmetics) is considered safe by the FDA and CIR, and is an FDA-approved OTC skin protectant. The EU restricts petrolatum unless full refining history is known due to concerns about polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in inadequately refined grades. Cosmetic-grade petrolatum in the US undergoes extensive refining that removes PAHs. It does not penetrate the skin, is non-comedogenic in pure form, and has no evidence of systemic toxicity or endocrine disruption at cosmetic use.