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Quick answer: p-Phenylenediamine carries the heavier risk profile. p-Phenylenediamine is restricted in the EU and allowed in the US; Zinc pyrithione is banned in the EU and allowed in the US.
| Property | p-Phenylenediamine | Zinc pyrithione |
|---|---|---|
| EU status | Restricted | Banned |
| US status | Allowed | Allowed |
| Risk level | high | medium |
| Banned in | — | European Union |
| Restricted in | European Union | — |
| Category | cmr | cmr |
| Where it hides | permanent hair dye, black henna tattoos | anti-dandruff shampoo, anti-acne products |
p-Phenylenediamine is a primary intermediate in permanent hair dye.
Zinc pyrithione is an antifungal and antibacterial active in dandruff shampoos.
p-Phenylenediamine: A potent allergen and sensitizer. Strictly concentration-limited in the EU; less tightly controlled in the US.
Zinc pyrithione: Reclassified as a reproductive toxicant in the EU and banned as a cosmetic preservative in 2022; still a key US OTC dandruff active.
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