Benzyl Alcohol (Preservative) vs Caprylyl Glycol: which is worse?

What is Benzyl Alcohol (Preservative)?

Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol used in cosmetics both as a preservative (antimicrobial) and as a solvent and fragrance ingredient. As a preservative it is commonly used in combination with sodium dehydroacetate (forming the 'Geogard' system) in natural-certified products.

What is Caprylyl Glycol?

Caprylyl glycol (1,2-octanediol) is a multifunctional ingredient derived from caprylic acid (from coconut or palm kernel oil). It serves as a skin-conditioning agent, emollient, and preservative booster with direct antimicrobial activity.

Documented risks

Benzyl Alcohol (Preservative): Benzyl alcohol is permitted in EU cosmetics as a preservative at ≤1% and as a fragrance ingredient (it is also one of the 26 EU fragrance allergens requiring labeling). The CIR has confirmed safety. It can cause allergic contact dermatitis in sensitized individuals. In some countries (France, EU), its use in cosmetics for infants under 3 years is advised against due to potential neurotoxicity concerns in neonates. At cosmetic concentrations for adults, it is well-tolerated and not carcinogenic.

Caprylyl Glycol: Caprylyl glycol is considered safe at cosmetic use concentrations. No carcinogenic, mutagenic, or endocrine-disrupting effects are documented. Mild skin sensitization is extremely rare. It is broadly compatible with sensitive skin and is accepted in many natural and clean beauty formulas.