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Quick answer: Both score equally on our risk model. Glycerin is allowed in the EU and allowed in the US; Sodium PCA is allowed in the EU and allowed in the US.
| Property | Glycerin | Sodium PCA |
|---|---|---|
| EU status | Allowed | Allowed |
| US status | Allowed | Allowed |
| Risk level | low | low |
| Banned in | — | — |
| Restricted in | — | — |
| Category | humectant | humectant |
| Where it hides | CeraVe Moisturizing Cream, Neutrogena Hydro Boost Water Gel, Cetaphil Gentle Skin Cleanser | Neutrogena Hydro Boost range, The Ordinary Natural Moisturizing Factors + HA, Paula's Choice Moisturizer formulas |
Glycerin is a simple polyol (sugar alcohol) that is colorless, odorless, and viscous. It naturally occurs in all animal and vegetable fats and is the backbone of triglyceride molecules. Cosmetic glycerin is typically derived from vegetable oils (plant-based) or as a biodiesel byproduct.
Sodium PCA (sodium L-pyroglutamate) is the sodium salt of pyroglutamic acid, a naturally occurring component of the skin's Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF). It is an exceptionally effective humectant with a higher water-binding capacity than glycerin.
Glycerin: Glycerin is one of the safest cosmetic ingredients known, with centuries of use. The CIR has repeatedly confirmed its safety. It is non-irritating, non-allergenic, and non-toxic. At very high concentrations in leave-on products (>30%), it can have a dehydrating paradox effect — pulling water from the dermis if the environment is very dry — but this is not a health risk. It is safe for all ages including infants.
Sodium PCA: Sodium PCA is one of the safest and most skin-compatible humectants available. It is endogenous to healthy skin and has no known adverse effects. The CIR has confirmed its safety. It is non-irritating, non-sensitizing, non-comedogenic, and safe for all skin types.
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