Lanolin vs Squalane: which is worse?

What is Lanolin?

Lanolin is a waxy substance secreted by the sebaceous glands of wool-bearing animals (sheep). It is extracted from raw wool during washing and consists of complex mixtures of esters, diesters, and hydroxy esters of fatty acids and alcohols. It is highly occlusive and closely mimics human sebum.

What is Squalane?

Squalane is a saturated, stable derivative of squalene — a lipid naturally found in human sebum and historically extracted from shark liver oil. Modern cosmetic squalane is predominantly plant-derived (from sugarcane, amaranth, or olives) and is hydrogenated from squalene to make it shelf-stable.

Documented risks

Lanolin: Lanolin is broadly safe for cosmetic use. It is FDA-approved as a skin protectant in OTC products. The primary concern is contact allergy: approximately 1–2% of the general population and up to 5–8% of eczema patients are sensitized to lanolin alcohols (the allergen fraction). Purified lanolin and lanolin alcohols in modern formulations have lower allergenicity than historical crude grades. Lanolin is not a carcinogen, hormone disruptor, or systemic toxin. It is not vegan.

Squalane: Squalane has an outstanding safety profile with essentially no identified risks at cosmetic use levels. The CIR has confirmed its safety. It is non-comedogenic, non-irritating, and suitable for sensitive, acne-prone, and barrier-compromised skin. No carcinogenic or endocrine effects are documented. Sustainability is a concern if derived from shark liver oil (now rare); ethical consumers should verify plant-derived sources.